CHICAGO — A Measurement Quantization analysis of 38 Milky Way circular-velocity measurements reports an 8.90-kilometer-per-second root-mean-square (RMS) velocity residual, compared with 69.03 kilometers per second for the baryonic Newtonian baseline under the same source construction. The reduction is about 87.1 percent.

The calculation uses the McMillan Galactic baryonic density model with its dark-halo force excluded and compares the resulting prediction with the separately derived Eilers circular-velocity curve. The MQ realization law and its acceleration scale are fixed rather than tuned to these Galactic target velocities. Figure 1 summarizes the residual comparison and its statistical scope.

The ordinary-matter source comprises the bulge, thin and thick stellar disks, neutral atomic hydrogen disk and molecular-gas disk. Their Newtonian radial forces are calculated before the MQ law is applied. Removing McMillan’s halo from this input does not make the original McMillan study an analysis without dark matter; its published model supplies the adopted baryonic reconstruction.

This separation of source construction and kinematic target is central to the test. No Milky Way-specific MQ scale or halo profile is fitted to improve agreement. The astrophysical inputs still have their own fitted parameters, uncertainties and modeling assumptions.

The statistical result requires its uncertainty model. With only the adopted diagonal observational errors, the remaining residuals are formally rejected. Propagating a three-parameter conditional covariance for McMillan’s thin-disk, thick-disk and bulge normalizations changes the generalized chi-square to 39.57 for 38 degrees of freedom, with a right-tail probability of 0.400. That is consistency under this specified model, not a 40-percent probability that MQ is true.

The full Eilers point-to-point observational covariance was not supplied by the products used in this evaluation, and the complete McMillan source posterior was not jointly propagated. The result therefore remains short of a covariance-complete precision likelihood. The large RMS reduction and the covariance-sensitive goodness-of-fit result describe different aspects of the analysis.

The comparison is against a baryonic-only Newtonian baseline, not every dark-matter or modified-gravity model. It is a focused test of MQ’s fixed galactic law and does not settle gravitational lensing, merging clusters or cosmological requirements of a broader alternative to nonbaryonic dark matter.

The technical Brief provides the exact law, source and target provenance, inner and outer residuals, uncertainty treatment and the numerical products needed for replication.

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