Informativity Institute · Research brief · 25 October 2026
MQ predicts a 34.93 ppm separation in gravity measurements
MSL and NIST results provide numerical comparisons; a proposed contactless beam experiment would test the mode assignment.
CHICAGO — Measurement Quantization (MQ) proposes that continuous physical quantities arise from discrete count configurations. Developed by Jody A. Geiger across eight journal articles (2018–2025), the framework predicts two realizations of the gravitational constant: 6.67384484 and 6.67407794 × 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2, separated by 34.93 parts per million. The illustrated overview maps MQ’s proposed contributions across physical constants, gravitation, quantum physics and cosmology. [1]
The measurements and the comparison
New Zealand’s Measurement Standards Laboratory (MSL) reported G = 6.674200 ± 0.000700 in 1999 and 6.673870 ± 0.000270 in 2003. NIST’s 2026 replication of the BIPM torsion balance yielded a consensus 6.673870 ± 0.000380, the same central value as MSL 2003. All values use the units above; uncertainties are one standard uncertainty. The MSL releases share apparatus history and are not independent confirmations. [2–4]
NIST’s copper free-deflection value, 6.674021, exceeds its servo value, 6.673642, by 56.79 ± 29.43 ppm: 21.86 ppm, or 0.74 standard uncertainties, above MQ’s target. Sapphire gives 149.72 ± 92.01 ppm. These comparisons are compatible with the target within their stated uncertainties but do not uniquely identify MQ; NIST treats new physics as remote and instrumental effects as more plausible. [4,5]
Read the chart’s numerical values and normalization
| Determination | G | Standard uncertainty |
|---|---|---|
| MSL 1999 | 6.674200 | 0.000700 |
| MSL 2003 | 6.673870 | 0.000270 |
| NIST 2026 · copper servo | 6.673642 | 0.000155 |
| NIST 2026 · copper free | 6.674021 | 0.000202 |
| NIST 2026 · sapphire servo | 6.672637 | 0.000250 |
| NIST 2026 · sapphire free | 6.673636 | 0.000627 |
Mode separation = 106 × (Gfree − Gservo)/Gservo. Covariance is retained in the derived difference. The website’s fixed target is 34.9284 ppm; this brief rounds it to 34.93 ppm. The mode-gap uncertainties are from Geiger’s analysis of the NIST record. Rounded individual uncertainties in Panel A should not be used to reconstruct a more precise covariance calculation.
A September 2025 review of gravitational-constant measurements cites Geiger’s 2023 MQ paper as reference 154, among approaches to the discrepancy. MQ’s numerical realizations predate the 2026 NIST publication; assigning these particular measurement modes to the two realizations followed examination of the apparatus. [5,6]
The proposed Informativity experiment
The Institute’s contactless beam proposal compares source-reversed free deflection with the electrostatic drive off against electrostatic null servo on the same suspended object. Version 1.81 (25 October 2026) specifies a 1.000 m silicon-carbide frame, two nominal 0.50745 kg tip payloads and 12 series winding packs for magnetic support. Optical carriers sit at ±0.25 m; the modeled tip locations are ±0.50 m. [7]
Version 1.81 numerical reference model · specified inventory and conditional torque benchmarks
- 3.037 kg
- Moving reference inventory
- 1.666 tonnes
- Identified source masses, before stages and supports
- 260.792 nN·m
- Frozen source-reversal torque
- 9.10945 pN·m
- Conditional gap at an assumed 34.93 ppm
Version 1.81 retains an estimated systematic root-sum-square of 48.3037 aN·m, or 5.30259 ppm of that conditional gap; all 18 component estimates remain unverified. The targets are 0.1 gap ppm statistical precision and less than 5 gap ppm total standard uncertainty. The complete uncertainty is unknown, and the conditional benchmark is not an established transferred MQ prediction for this apparatus. [7]
The current source solids intersect the modeled closed enclosure. Moving the source centers from ±0.15 m to ±0.30 m vertically permits geometric clearance, but a physically accepted source profile and its correction transfer remain unresolved. The Institute seeks a university host for geometry revision, independent torque calibration and optical qualification before a cryogenic measurement campaign. [7]
Media and experimental collaboration
Jody A. Geiger · Informativity Institute
info@informativity.org · Contact · Experiment proposal
Sources
- Geiger (2023), Measurement quantization, International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 20, 2350069. See also the eight-paper publication record and historical comparison and scoring qualifications.
- Fitzgerald and Armstrong (1999), The measurement of G using the MSL torsion balance, Measurement Science and Technology 10, 439–444.
- Armstrong and Fitzgerald (2003), New Measurements of G Using the Measurement Standards Laboratory Torsion Balance, Physical Review Letters 91, 201101.
- Schlamminger et al. (2026), Redetermination of the gravitational constant with the BIPM torsion balance at NIST, Metrologia 63, 025012. §1; Tables 16–18; consensus result in abstract.
- Geiger / Informativity Institute, Planned experiments, Tables 1–3 and the fixed-prediction discussion. Source of MQ reference values and the derived paired-mode comparisons, distinct from NIST’s interpretation.
- Zhang et al. (2025), Progress on measurement of gravitational constant G, Measurement Science and Technology 36, 092003; §5.3 and reference 154.
- Geiger / Informativity Institute, Contactless SiC Beam Comparison of Gravitational Torque Modes and Contactless Beam Experiment Current Design Baseline, version 1.81, 25 October 2026. Current conceptual specifications and theoretical feasibility assessments; source for the inventory, benchmarks, targets and unresolved geometry reported here. Request the current design documents.
ppm = parts per million; 1 nN·m = 10−9 N·m; 1 pN·m = 10−12 N·m; 1 aN·m = 10−18 N·m. Historical G separations and proposed gap-relative engineering uncertainties have different denominators. Experimental papers establish the measurements; MQ interpretations and apparatus forecasts are attributed to the Institute.