extending precision of the physical constants

 

Measure

θsi
mf
lf
tf
αp-1
G
ħ
dkm
obs
vis
uobs

CODATA

3.26239 kg m s-1
2.17647 10-8 kg
1.616199 10-35 m
5.39106 10-44 s
137.04077
6.67408 10-11m3kg-1s-2
1.0545718 10-34 Js
68.3%
31.6%
4.8%
26.8%

MQ Calculation

3.2623903039 kg m s-1
2.1764325398 10-8 kg
1.6161999121 10-35 m
5.3910626133 10-44 s
137.04078553
6.6740779430 10-11m3kg-1s-2
1.0545719462 10-34 Js
68.362416104%
31.637583896%
4.8488348953%
26.788749000%

Inputs

  • u0, is the magnetic constant.

Terms

  • θsi can be measured as the polarization angle of quantum entangled X-rays at the degenerate frequency of a maximal Bell state. As an angle θsi=3.26239 rad ± 2 μrad; as a momentum θsi=3.26239030392(48) kg m s-1 and with respect to the Target Frame, θsi has no units. The relation of angle and mass is mathematically demonstrated, as well, by No-Ping Chen, et. al.
  • lf, mf and tf are the fundamental measures, more precise expressions for Planck’s units – length, mass, and time – that consider the effects of length contraction associated with discrete measure.
  • c is the speed of light which may also be written as c=nLlf/nTtf=299,792,458 m/s such that nL=nT=1 is physically significant.
  • QL is the fractional portion of a count of lf when engaging in a more precise calculation.
  • nLr describes the count of lf representative of a change in position of an observable measured with respect to the observer’s frame of reference.
  • QLnLr, also known as the Informativity differential describes the length contraction associated with discrete measure.
  • h is Planck’s constant.
  • ħ is the reduced Planck constant, 1.054571817 10-34 m2 kg s-1. When accounting for the Informativity differential at the upper count bound, this term is not italicized (i.e., ħ=1.0545349844(45) -34 m2 kg s-1).
  • αf-1 is the fundamental form of the inverse fine structure constant defined with respect to the Target Frame.
  • αp-1 is the Planck-like form of the inverse fine structure constant defined with respect to the Measurement Frame.
  • αc-1 is the classical form of the inverse fine structure constant as adopted by the CODATA collaboration. This term accounts for length contraction associated with discrete measure.
  • G is the gravitational constant, 6.6740779428(56) 10-11m3kg-1s-2 such that its value considers the effects of length contraction associated with discrete measure at the upper count limit. Italicized G identifies a measure not at the limit (e.g., G=6.6738448362(53) 10-11m3kg-1s-2 at the blackbody demarcation).
  • vis is that domain of the universe that is presently visible.
  • obs is that domain of the universe that is presently visible or will be visible given infinite elapsed time.
  • dk is that domain of the universe that will never be visible.
  • uobs is that domain of the universe that will eventually be visible but is not presently visible.

Calculations

Calculations.png

Experimental Support

P. Mohr, B. Taylor, and D. Newell, CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010, p. 73 (2012), arXiv:1203.5425v1, http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1203.5425.


Discussion

Measurement Quantization (MQ) is a physically significant approach that uses a nomenclature of counts of fundamental measures to express the classical laws of nature. In an analysis of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, the expression for the speed of light and for escape velocity we can resolve the minimum count values for each measure and then the corresponding fundamental measures.

When taking a closer look at the fine structure constant and Planck’s expression for the ground state orbital of an atom, we can extend our understanding of the physical constants, uniting the electric and gravitational constant. This presents, for the first time, the ability to resolve a physically significant measure of θsi as a function of the fine structure constant (i.e. αc=7.2973525693 10-3), which in turn derives its value from the measure of the magnetic constant. With this, we may then proceed to resolve several more physical constants each equal to the physical significance of the fine structure constant, 11 digits.

Given the Informativity differential QLnLr=0.49998253642 at the blackbody demarcation nLr=84.60055358 then,

Theta.PNG

The calculation can then be immediately applied to resolve fundamental mass also to the same physical significance.

Fundamental Mass.PNG

Although our calculations are a derivative of the CODATA definition of the fine structure constant, we can without issue apply the derived value for θsi to then resolve the Planck equivalent for the fine structure constant αp−1.

Fine Structure Constant - Planck.PNG

And with Planck’s expression for the ground state orbital of an electron and our newly resolved values for mf and αp as a function of θsi, then

Fundamental Length.PNG

Given the defined value for the speed of light, this allows us to finally resolve the value for fundamental time.

Fundamental Time.PNG

Among other constants, we can also resolve the gravitational constant.

Gravitational Constant.PNG

And we can resolve Planck’s reduced constant now as a function of θsi and lf, both which now derive from the measure of the magnetic constant μ0.

Planck Constant.PNG

As we can see, there are many constants that can now be extended in value. We will not address all possibilities, but we will note one final set. Those are the CMB power spectrum distributions, which are described by MQ such that

Distributions.PNG

Notably, the MQ approach to the power spectrum allows us to more easily resolve the spacetime relations between each of the distribution curves. And with our more precisely resolved value for θsi, we find an even greater precision obtainable with respect to these distributions.

These are among just a few opportunities where we can apply the expressions and new correlations obtained with an MQ approach to resolve more precise physically significant values for the physical constants. A more thorough analysis will certainly yield even more. Importantly, will be to continue the research in the laboratory to validate theory with measurement, considering the Informativity differential and thus extending our knowledge of the natural world.

line.jpg