The paper entitled, Measurement Quantization was submitted to the International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics and entered peer review on August 16, 2022. The paper was accepted for publication on October 29 for Vol. 19, No. 13 (2022). This paper contains new and clarified derivations for 82.5% of the 22 most significant problems in modern theory (covering general physics, quantum gravity, cosmology & GR). Examples of such problems include complete descriptions of dark matter, dark energy, equivalence, expansion, the quantum epoch, discrete gravity, unification, discrete solutions to special and general relativity, singularities, derives the physical constants, derives the Planck unit expressions, presents a parameter free history of early universe events without inflation, description of a new form of length contraction and more. The paper also presents several examples of experimental support. Importantly, predictions of ‘new physics’ are made and those predictions are measured, analyzed and confirmed.
Measurement Quantization Describes the Physical Constants
In Geiger’s six paper, he resolves expressions and values for a majority of the physical constants. Each expression is resolved without reference to any other physical constant. For the first time in classical expression, the physical constants are defined as a function of independently defined reference measures, one for length, mass or time.
The paper, “Measurement Quantization Describes the Physical Constants” can be found published in the International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum
Geiger maps out a history of early universe events, starting with the quantum epoch, a physical concise description of what ends this epoch, and what begins the expansionary epoch. There are no free parameters, all expressions a straight-forward implementation of existing classical expressions. Importantly, theories such as Inflation are shown to be incorrect and unnecessary to account for the homogenous properties of our universe.
The Measurement Quantization approach offers the first account of early universe history without parameterization. Moreover, physical confirmation is resolved through several measures of the CMB, most notably its quantity, age and present-day density and temperature.
The paper, “Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe – Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum” can be found published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology.
Physical Significance of Measure
Geiger publishes a more detailed analysis of the physical significance of measure, the relation of the fundamental measures to experiments in quantum entanglement and with respect to the measure of classical phenomena such as momentum. This paper continues a strengthening of the physical support underpinning many successes afforded by the Measurement Quantization approach.
The paper, “Physical Significance of Measure” can be found published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology.
Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture
In Geiger’s third paper, he integrates his prior work with dark energy to also describe an upper count bound to fundamental mass. The combination resolves expressions that accurately describe the motion of stars about a galactic core. Compared with model data provided by Stacey McGaugh, there is a 1.394 km/s standard deviation with respect to the first 84,000 lightyears of Milky way data. To date no single classical expression has shown such precision across the measurement domain.
Notably, the work does not employ hidden or free variables, new physics, new particles, or new forces, nor does it employ fitting, modeling, approximations, or alternatives such as additional dimensions, Loop Quantum Gravity, String Theory or Supersymmetry.
The paper, “Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture” can be found published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology.
Quantum Model of Gravity Unifies Relativistic Effects, Describes Inflation/Expansion Transition, Matches CMB Data
In this second paper into the field of Measurement Quantization, a follow up to the initial publication, Geiger unites the effects described by Special & General Relativity under a single quantum model of measure. The research completes the efforts of Einstein and others to unify the effects of motion and gravitation under a single approach providing a comprehensive understanding of the distortion of measure using not only the target/observer frames of reference, but also incorporates the frame of the universe. Only a wholistic approach that contrasts the discrete Measurement Frame of the observer against the non-discrete Target Frame of the universe affords a complete description of this relationship.
The research returns to some of the accomplishments of the first paper providing a more in-depth understanding of these effects as applied to the birth of the universe as a quantum fluctuation, the trigger event that ends 363,312 year of quantum epoch and initiates expansion. The model matches our best measurement data of the cosmic microwave background to four digits, building on the initial success of the Measurement Quantization approach.
The paper "Quantum Model of Gravity Unifies Relativistic Effects, Describes Inflation/Expansion Transition, Matches CMB Data", was published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology.
Measurement Quantization Unites Classical and Quantum Physics
The seminal work first publishing the initial concepts of MQ entitled, "Measurement Quantization Unites Classical and Quantum Physics", was published in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation, and Cosmology. The work established instantiation of discrete gravity and the first derivation of a physical constant without reference to other physical constants.