Measurement Quantization
Research Publications
How does discrete count structure give rise to the quantities we measure? Measurement Quantization (MQ) investigates this question through work on fundamental measures, physical constants, gravitation, and cosmology. The eight journal articles collected here trace that research from its first formulation in 2018 to its application to the Hubble tension in 2025.
Each entry introduces the question addressed, summarizes the paper’s contribution, and links to the published article. Read together, the papers document the development of the approach. Read individually, they provide the derivations, assumptions, and measurement comparisons needed to assess a particular result.
Reading the Publications Today
Current MQ terminology distinguishes the Internal Frame, the discrete domain of integer count configurations, from the System Frame, the continuous relational representation in which physically meaningful observables are defined. The Frames mapping relates these count configurations to observable structure. This distinction guides the current presentation of MQ without assigning ordinary continuous geometry to the count domain itself.
The summaries below use current terminology while preserving the published titles and citations. Earlier papers record the formulations used at the time of publication. Later developments should therefore be read alongside those papers, rather than attributed retrospectively to them. For ongoing work beyond this journal collection, visit the Institute’s preprints.
Resolving the Hubble tension 68.261 and 73.510 km s−1 Mpc−1
This paper applies MQ to the difference between cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Cepheid distance-ladder determinations of cosmic expansion. It proposes that the two procedures involve distinct frame-dependent descriptions and derives rates of 68.261 and 73.510 km s−1 Mpc−1, respectively.
The article develops the geometry behind that proposed explanation and compares the calculated rates with the observational studies it cites. It is the most recent paper in this collection and provides a focused example of how MQ connects measurement conventions, geometric description, and cosmological inference.
Read the published Hubble tension paper · DOI 10.1063/5.0269029
Measurement quantization
This overview brings together the foundations and applications of MQ. It examines discrete measure, count bounds, fundamental measures, and the length-contraction effect associated with discreteness. It then develops applications to physical constants, gravitation, relativity, galactic rotation, and cosmic evolution.
The paper also presents comparisons with published measurements and provides calculation supplements. Its breadth makes it a useful starting point for readers who want to see how the individual research topics connect before turning to a more specialized article.
Read the published MQ overview · DOI 10.1142/S021988782350069X
Measurement Quantization Describes the Physical Constants
This article examines whether the physical constants can be described through a common account of fundamental measures and their counts. It develops expressions for gravitational and electromagnetic quantities and compares calculated values with published reference values.
The central question is what determines the relations among the constants, beyond their numerical specification in a chosen system of units. The paper provides the dedicated treatment of this question that precedes the broader 2023 overview.
Read the published physical constants paper · DOI 10.5923/j.ijtmp.20211101.03
Measurement Quantization Describes History of Universe—Quantum Inflation, Transition to Expansion, CMB Power Spectrum
This paper extends the count-based approach to early-universe history. It develops an account of the quantum epoch and its transition to subsequent expansion, then examines quantities associated with the cosmic microwave background.
The article presents an alternative account of early cosmic evolution and compares its calculations with radiation properties. Its historical title is retained here. The proposed sequence and its observational comparisons should be assessed through the paper’s explicit derivations, rather than read as a general demonstration that competing cosmological models have been excluded.
Read the published universe history paper · DOI 10.4236/jhepgc.2020.62015
Physical Significance of Measure
What makes a reference measure physically significant? This article examines the interpretation of fundamental measures and their relation to descriptions of quantum and classical phenomena, including angular measure and momentum.
It is useful for readers interested in the measurement foundations of MQ. The emphasis is on the physical meaning assigned to the quantities used in the approach, providing context for the later work on constants and cosmology.
Read Physical Significance of Measure · DOI 10.4236/jhepgc.2020.61008
Measurement Quantization Describes Galactic Rotational Velocities, Obviates Dark Matter Conjecture
This paper applies MQ to the orbital motion of stars around a galactic core. It develops a description of galactic rotation without introducing an additional dark-matter component and compares its calculation with Milky Way rotation data.
The article marks an early application of MQ to the discrepancy between visible matter and inferred gravitational behavior. Its title states the paper’s proposed interpretation. The rotation comparison addresses the particular data and assumptions examined in the article, rather than every observational test associated with dark matter.
Read the published galactic rotation paper · DOI 10.4236/jhepgc.2019.52028
Quantum Model of Gravity Unifies Relativistic Effects, Describes Inflation/Expansion Transition, Matches CMB Data
This follow-up to the first MQ publication develops a quantum model of gravity and examines its relation to relativistic effects. It also extends the discussion to early cosmic evolution, the transition between epochs, and comparisons with cosmic microwave background data.
The paper connects the initial measurement framework with the gravitational and cosmological questions explored more fully in subsequent publications. It is best read as a stage in that development, with the original formulation distinguished from the current terminology introduced above.
Read the published quantum gravity paper · DOI 10.4236/jhepgc.2018.44038
Measurement Quantization Unites Classical and Quantum Physics
The first paper in this collection introduces the use of counts of fundamental measures of length, mass, and time to connect classical and quantum descriptions. It presents the initial framework and develops applications that motivate the later research program.
For readers following MQ chronologically, this is the starting point. The subsequent papers expand, consolidate, and apply the approach to increasingly specific questions about measurement, gravity, physical constants, and the universe.
Read the first published MQ paper · DOI 10.4236/jhepgc.2018.42019